Raws li lub tsheb hluav taws xob (EVs) txuas ntxiv hloov pauv thaj chaw tsheb thauj mus los thoob ntiaj teb, qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev paub zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa ntau tus neeg los txais yuav EVs. Kev nkag mus rau qhov chaw them nyiaj nyuaj, taug kev ntau lub xov tooj them, thiab cov kev them nyiaj tsis sib haum tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tswv EV lossis kev ntxhov siab rau cov uas twb tau hloov mus rau EV mus. Lub Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) tab tom los thiab nws yuav hloov pauv EV charging ecosystem. OCPP yog tsim los ua kom yooj yim kev sib txuas lus ntawm EV them chaw nres tsheb thiab kev tswj hwm, kom ntseeg tau tias yooj yim, sib cuam tshuam, thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo rau lub zog thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv hauv lub network.
OCPP - Qhib Charge Point Protocol yog dab tsi?
Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) yog daim ntawv thov raws tu qauv rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm lub tsheb fais fab (EV) them chaw nres tsheb (tseem hu ua EV them cov ntsiab lus) thiab EV them nyiaj tswj kev tswj hwm (feem ntau hu ua CMS). Qhov tseem ceeb, OCPP ua raws li "hais lus" thiab channel uas ua rau muaj kev sib txuas lus tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ob tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv EV charging ecosystem.
OCPP yog thawj zaug tsim nyob rau hauv 2009 los ua tus qauv kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm EV chargers thiab kev tswj hwm. Txawm hais tias muaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, OCPP sawv tawm raws li lub platform qhib kiag li. Qhov kev qhib no ua rau cov neeg siv them cov chaw nres tsheb tau yooj yim los txuas txhua lub network rau txhua qhov chaw them nqi, txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab, kev sib tw, thiab kev nkag tau yooj yim hauv EV charging kev lag luam.
Qhov zoo ntawm OCPP
1. Muab kev yoog raws thiab kev nyab xeeb rau cov tswv chaw them nqi
OCPP xyuas kom meej tias cov tswv chaw them nyiaj tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov neeg ua haujlwm network raws li qhov xav tau, yog li tiv thaiv lawv cov peev txheej thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom muaj nqis. Yog tias cov chaw tsim khoom them nyiaj tawm ntawm kev ua lag luam, cov tswv tuaj yeem tsiv mus rau lwm lub OCPP-raws li network yam tsis tau poob haujlwm. Qhov kev xaiv qhib no txhawb kev sib tw ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom thiab cov chaw muab kev pabcuam network, uas txo cov nqi, txhim kho kev pabcuam, thiab txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab. Vim li ntawd,EV them nyiaj infrastructure tau nthuav dav sai, muab EV tsav tsheb nrog ntau txoj kev them nqi.
2. Tso cai rau kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov chaw them nqi thiab cov chaw muab kev pabcuam hauv lub network kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo muab cov kev pabcuam kab sib chaws (xws li cov lus teb xav tau).
Kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov xwm txheej net-zero emissions scenario hauv 2050 yuav ua rau muaj kev xav tau hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv, uas yog tsav los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm kev thauj mus los, cua sov hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev xa tawm dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab xws li hnub ci thiab cua, uas nws tiam neeg sib txawv nrog huab cua thiab lub sijhawm nruab hnub, kuj tseem ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntxiv rau daim phiaj. Cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv no ua rau muaj teeb meem rau daim phiaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab, ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los nrhiav cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab xws li cov phiaj xwm kev thov.
Qhov kev thov teb yog dab tsi?
Cov lus teb xav tau suav nrog kev ntsuas cov phiaj xwm kev xav tau los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov neeg siv kom hloov lawv cov hluav taws xob siv rau lub sijhawm tsis nco qab thaum lub zog muaj ntau dua lossis kev thov tsawg dua.
Qhov no feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev txhawb nqa tus nqi lossis lwm yam khoom plig nyiaj txiag. Cov lus teb xav tau, ua ke nrog cov phiaj xwm ntse thiab lub zog khaws cia, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov kab sib chaws yooj yim, txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab, thiab ua kom cov phiaj xwm ruaj khov thaum lub sij hawm siab load.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm OCPP hauv Kev Thov Teb
Txhawm rau thov cov kev pabcuam teb kom ua tiav, kev sib txuas lus sib txuas ntawm cov chargers thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb. Chargers yuav tsum muaj peev xwm kho tau dynamically los yog ncua kev siv hluav taws xob raws li daim phiaj xav tau. OCPP leverages tsim cov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm chargers thiab tswj software los pab txhawb kev sib txuas lus no.
Qhov zoo ntawm OCPP Demand Response
· Tus nqi siv tau: Los ntawm kev siv cov kev sib txuas lus uas twb muaj lawm, OCPP txo cov nqi ntxiv uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov chargers rau hauv cov kev thov teb.
· Txhim kho qhov yooj yim: OCPP-raws li chargers ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm koom nrog hauv kev tswj xyuas kab sib chaws thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev xav tau sib npaug.
· Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yav tom ntej: Ua ke nrog OCPP, cov xov tooj them nyiaj tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau qhov hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab txhawb kev siv zog ua kom dav dav.
Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke kev thov teb muaj peev xwm los ntawm OCPP, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog pab txhawb rau daim phiaj xwm kev ruaj ntseg, tab sis kuj txhim kho tus nqi ntawm lawv cov kev them nyiaj hauv lub zog ecosystem.
3. Txhim kho EV kev saws me nyuam los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab ua kom yooj yim rau cov neeg siv kev paub
Ib qho kev sib txuas thiab kev paub txog kev them nyiaj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa ntau tus neeg siv tsheb fais fab (EVs). Complex charger nkag, navigation ntawm ntau lub network them, thiab cov kev them nyiaj tsis sib haum tuaj yeem ua rau cov tswv muaj peev xwm EV lossis ua rau cov neeg uas twb tau hloov mus rau EV mus.
OCPP daim ntawv pov thawj hais txog cov teeb meem no los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem txheej txheem uas txhim kho kev sib luag thiab kev sib koom ua haujlwm thoob plaws hauv kev them nyiaj. Los ntawm kev ua kom ntseeg tau tiaschargers Ua tau raws li cov qauv no, OCPP tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam rau kev nkag thiab txhawb kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg siv, ua rau EV them nyiaj yooj yim dua.
Qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg siv kev paub zoo ib yam tswj hwm los ntawm OCPP ntawv pov thawj suav nrog:
1. Tus tsav tsheb pib them li cas
2. Cov neeg tsav tsheb them nqi li cas
3. Nkag mus rau chargers los ntawm ntau lub network los ntawm ib qho app lossis kev them nyiaj profile
4. Txuj kev them nqi thoob plaws cov kev them nyiaj sib txawv
Daim duab loj: Txhawb nqa EV
Los ntawm kev txo cov kev sib txhuam cov ntsiab lus hauv cov txheej txheem them nyiaj, OCPP tsim ib qho ecosystem uas ua rau kev tsav tsheb yooj yim dua. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov kev paub dhau los rau cov tswv EV uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau cov neeg yuav khoom muaj peev xwm uas muaj EV yog qhov siv tau thiab yooj yim. Ib qho kev sib koom ua ke them nyiaj tsim kev ntseeg siab thiab txhawb nqa kev siv EV dav dua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nrawm rau kev hloov pauv mus rau kev thauj mus los tau zoo.
Thaum kawg, OCPP-certified chargers ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke thiab cov neeg siv-centric charging network, ua kom cov neeg tsav tsheb muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab txhawb nqa thaum lawv siv EV technology.
OCPP ua haujlwm li cas?
Hauv seem dhau los, peb tau kawm tias Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) muab kev sib koom ua ke rau txoj kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov chaw them nqi thiab txhua lub hauv paus, tsis hais tus neeg muag khoom.
OCPP yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev sib txuas lusEV them chaw nres tshebthiab EV charging tswj systems. Nqe tom ntej piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas OCPP pab ob pawg sib txawv hauv EV them ecosystem sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg, thiab lwm yam haujlwm uas nws muaj ntxiv rau kev sib txuas lus.
1. Kev sib pauv lus
OCPP tso cai rau cov chaw them nqi thiab kev tswj hwm kev sib pauv lus hais txog qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm lub chaw them nyiaj.
Piv txwv li, cov lus tuaj yeem suav nrog:
· Txawm hais tias lub charger muaj, siv, lossis xav tau kev saib xyuas
· Thaum cov txheej txheem them nqi pib lossis nres
· Kev siv tam sim no lossis lub sijhawm nyob hauv lub sijhawm ntsuas
· Cov ntaub ntawv kuaj mob chaw them nqi
2. Kev saib xyuas chaw taws teeb
Cov neeg ua haujlwm them nqi tuaj yeem siv OCPP los saib xyuas lawv cov chaw them nqi.
3. Tso cai
Cov neeg ua haujlwm them nqi tuaj yeem siv OCPP tso cai nkag mus rau cov chaw them nqi.
4. Firmware Update
Cov kev tswj hwm tuaj yeem xa daim ntawv thov hloov tshiab firmware mus rau qhov chaw them nqi, uas tuaj yeem paub meej thiab ua qhov hloov tshiab.
5. Kev them nqi thiab kev them nqi
Cov neeg ua haujlwm them nqi tuaj yeem siv OCPP los sib koom ua ke sib txawv ntawm kev them nyiaj thiab kev them nqi.
6. Kev them nqi ntse
OCPP txhawb nqa kev them nyiaj ntse xws li kev sib npaug ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab kev them nyiaj siv profile.
7. Qhov Kev Pabcuam Kev Xav Tau
OCPP tso cai rau cov chargers sib txuas lus nrog cov phiaj xwm lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas pab tswj kev xav tau hluav taws xob.
Taw qhia rau OCPP cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm hauv khw
Xyoo 2010, Qhib Charge Point Protocol 1.2 tau tso tawm, thiab OCPP 1.5 tau tso tawm xyoo 2013. Cov qauv no thaum ntxov tsis muaj kev tswj hwm los ntawm OCA, yog li peb tau qhia cov versions tom ntej, uas yog OCPP 1.6 tso tawm xyoo 2015 thiab OCPP 2.0.1 tso tawm hauv 2020. thiab OCPP 2020. sib haum. OCPP 2.1 yuav tsum tau tso tawm hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm 2025.
Ob hom kev siv OCPP
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) yog cov lus raws tu qauv uas siv XML los sawv cev cov ntaub ntawv. SOAP yog lub moj khaum uas tso cai rau cov lus xa tuaj ntawm cov khoom hauv Is Taws Nem. Qhov zoo ntawm SOAP yog tus qauv npog cov haujlwm ntawm kev xa thiab txais cov lus. Qhov no ua rau kev siv tau sai sai.
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation yog ib qho kev sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv uas yooj yim rau tib neeg nyeem thiab sau, thiab yooj yim rau cov tshuab los txheeb xyuas thiab tsim. Nws yooj yim nyeem thiab sau tshaj XML. Nws yog ua raws li ib feem ntawm JavaScript.
PAB 1.6
OCPP 1.6 tsim los ntawm OCPP 1.5, suav nrog xyoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv tau zoo thoob ntiaj teb. Txij li thaum nws tso tawm xyoo 2012, OCPP 1.5 tau siv dav los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li qhov no,OCPP 1.6 qhia ntau yam kev txhim kho loj, suav nrog kev them nyiaj ntse thiab kev txhawb nqa rau JSON thiab SOAP dhau WebSocket.
Cov ntawv no kuj suav nrog ntau qhov kev txhim kho, xws li cov ntaub ntawv meej dua thiab hloov tshiab los txhim kho kev sib koom tes ntawm cov neeg muag khoom sib txawv. Cov yam ntxwv tshiab tseem ceeb suav nrog kev nthuav dav kev kuaj mob (xws li cov lej yog vim li cas), cov ntsiab lus them nqi ntxiv, thiab lub peev xwm TriggerMessage, txhua yam yog tsim los ua kom tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam.
OCPP 1.6 khaws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv dhau los thiab qhia txog ntau yam kev hloov kho thiab kho rau cov teeb meem paub tsis meej uas ua rau nws tsis sib haum nrog OCPP 1.5. Cov kev txhim kho no yog npaj los muab cov kev pabcuam zoo dua rau cov chaw nres tsheb them nqi (CPOs) thiab kev paub zoo dua rau cov tsav tsheb hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm OCPP 1.6 suav nrog:
· OCPP 1.5
· SOAP thiab JSON versions
· Kev them nyiaj ntse txhawb nqa kev sib npaug thiab kev siv cov ntawv them nyiaj
· (Local) kev txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm
· Cov xeev ntxiv: Ntxiv cov xeev ntxiv rau lub xeev tus nqi suav sau kom muab CPOs thiab cov neeg siv kawg nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog lub xeev tam sim no ntawm tus nqi taw tes
· Xa cov lus thov, xws li CP lub sijhawm lossis CP xwm txheej
· Kev txhim kho me me (piv rau OCPP 1.5)
OCPP 2.0.1
Piv rau OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 coj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua thiab muaj peev xwm tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev txhim kho no kuj ua rau OCPP 2.0.1 tsis sib haum nrog cov qauv ua ntej (xws li OCPP 1.6 thiab OCPP 1.5).
Cov Nta Tshiab OCPP 2.0.1 vs. OCPP 1.6
1. Kev Tswj Ntaus Ntaus (tseem hu ua Device Model) feature yog siv kom tau txais thiab teeb tsa thiab saib xyuas cov chaw them nqi.
Device Management (tseem hu ua Device Model) yog ib qho kev tos ntev ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txais tos los ntawm CSOs uas tswj hwm ( nyuaj) network ntawm cov chaw them nqi (los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom sib txawv).
Nws muab cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
• Kev tshaj tawm cov khoom muag
• Txhim kho qhov yuam kev thiab kev qhia txog xwm txheej
• Txhim kho kev teeb tsa
• Customizable saib xyuas
Tag nrho cov no pab CSOs txo cov nqi ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm lub chaw nres tsheb them nyiaj network.
Charger chaw nres tsheb manufacturersmuaj kev ywj pheej los txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas cov ncauj lus qhia ntxaws txog lawv cov chaw them nqi kom tshaj tawm
Device Management: Piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yam twg tuaj yeem saib xyuas thiab saib tsis tau dab tsi.
2. Kev txhim kho kom zoo dua kev lag luam loj
• Ib tsab xov xwm npog tag nrho cov haujlwm ntsig txog kev lag luam
• txo cov ntaub ntawv
OCPP 1.6 qhia JSON thauj raws li Websockets, uas tuaj yeem txo cov ntaub ntawv xov tooj ntawm tes. OCPP 2.0 qhia WebSocket compression txhawb nqa, ntxiv txo cov ntaub ntawv.
3. Kev txhim kho hauv cybersecurity
Cov kev txhim kho hauv qab no tau ntxiv los ntxiv dag zog rau OCPP lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam cyber:
• Kev ruaj ntseg profiles (3 theem) rau qhov chaw them nqi thiab/los yog CSMS authentication thiab kev sib txuas lus ruaj ntseg
• Kev tswj xyuas qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg siv ntawv pov thawj
• Ruaj ntseg firmware hloov tshiab
• Kev ruaj ntseg cov xwm txheej teev tseg
4. Extended ntse them nyiaj
Hauv OCPP 2.0.1, cov kev them nyiaj ntse tau txuas ntxiv (piv rau OCPP 1.6) los txhawb:
• Direct smart charging input los ntawm lub zog tswj qhov system (EMS) mus rau qhov chaw them nqi
• Txhim kho kev them nyiaj ntse nrog cov tswj hwm hauv zos
• Kev them nyiaj yug rau kev sib txuas ntse ntawm CSMS,chaw them nqithiab hluav taws xob tsheb.
5. Txhawb ISO 15118
Piv rau IEC 61851, ISO 15118 tus qauv yog cov txheej txheem tshiab rau EVSE rau EV kev sib txuas lus. ISO 15118 tso cai rau ntau yam tshiab thiab kev sib txuas lus nyab xeeb ntawm EVSE thiab EV. OCPP 2.0.1 txhawb ISO 15118 tus qauv, thiab cov yam ntxwv tshiab suav nrog:
• Plug thiab Charge
• Kev them nyiaj ntse, suav nrog cov tswv yim los ntawm lub tsheb fais fab
6. Txhim kho cov neeg siv khoom
• Muaj ntau txoj kev tso cai
• Tso cov lus
• Tus tsav tsheb EV nyiam hom lus
• Nqi thiab nqi
7. Thauj raws tu qauv: OCPP-J txhim kho
• Kev xa xov yooj yim
• Tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa rau SOAP
Post lub sij hawm: May-21-2025