Vim tias cov tsheb fais fab (EVs) txuas ntxiv hloov pauv kev thauj mus los thoob ntiaj teb, kev them nqi yooj yim thiab nkag siab yooj yim yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb kom ntau tus neeg siv EVs. Kev nkag mus rau qhov chaw them nqi nyuaj, kev mus ncig ntau lub network them nqi, thiab cov txheej txheem them nyiaj tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg muaj EV lossis ua rau cov neeg uas twb tau hloov mus rau EV mobility ntxhov siab. Lub Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) tab tom los thiab nws yuav hloov pauv lub ecosystem them nqi EV. OCPP yog tsim los ua kom yooj yim rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm EV chaw them nqi thiab cov txheej txheem tswj hwm, ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej, kev sib koom tes, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo rau lub network them nqi ruaj khov thiab yooj yim siv.
OCPP - Cov Txheej Txheem Qhib Chaw Them Nqi yog dab tsi?
Daim Ntawv Cog Lus Qhib Chaw Them Nqi (OCPP) yog ib daim ntawv thov kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob (EV) (tseem hu ua EV charging points) thiab EV charging management systems (feem ntau hu ua CMS). Yeej, OCPP ua haujlwm ua ib "lus" thiab channel uas ua rau muaj kev sib txuas lus zoo ntawm ob tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv EV charging ecosystem.
OCPP tau tsim thawj zaug hauv xyoo 2009 los ua kom muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob EV thiab cov txheej txheem tswj hwm. Txawm hais tias muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, OCPP sawv tawm ua lub platform qhib kiag li. Qhov kev qhib no muab rau cov neeg siv chaw them hluav taws xob kom yooj yim txuas txhua lub network rau txhua qhov chaw them hluav taws xob, txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab, kev sib tw, thiab kev nkag mus tau yooj yim hauv kev lag luam them hluav taws xob EV.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm OCPP
1. Muab kev ywj pheej thiab kev ruaj ntseg rau cov tswv chaw them nqi
OCPP ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov tswv chaw them hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv network raws li qhov xav tau, yog li ntawd tiv thaiv lawv cov peev txheej thiab tiv thaiv cov cuab tam tsis siv lawm. Yog tias lub chaw tsim khoom chaw them hluav taws xob tawm hauv kev ua lag luam, cov tswv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lwm lub network uas ua raws li OCPP yam tsis poob kev ua haujlwm. Qhov kev xaiv qhib no txhawb kev sib tw ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov neeg muab kev pabcuam hauv network, uas txo cov nqi, txhim kho kev pabcuam, thiab txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab. Yog li ntawd,Kev them hluav taws xob EV cov kev tsim kho vaj tse tau nthuav dav sai sai, muab ntau txoj kev xaiv them rau cov tsav tsheb EV.
2. Tso cai rau kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw muab kev pabcuam hauv network kom muab cov kev pabcuam hauv grid (xws li kev teb rau qhov xav tau).
Xyoo 2050, kev hloov mus rau qhov tsis muaj pa phem hauv zej zog yuav ua rau muaj kev thov hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv, uas yog los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev thauj mus los, kev ua kom sov hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam lag luam. Tib lub sijhawm, kev siv hluav taws xob tshiab xws li lub hnub ci thiab cua, uas lub zog hluav taws xob hloov pauv raws li huab cua thiab lub sijhawm ntawm hnub, kuj tau muab kev nyuaj siab ntxiv rau lub network. Cov kev hloov pauv no ua rau muaj kev cov nyom rau kev ruaj khov thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub network, ua rau cov chaw muab kev pabcuam nrhiav cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab xws li cov kev pab cuam teb rau kev thov.
Kev teb rau qhov kev thov yog dab tsi?
Kev teb rau qhov xav tau hluav taws xob suav nrog kev sib npaug ntawm qhov xav tau hluav taws xob los ntawm kev txhawb kom cov neeg siv hloov lawv txoj kev siv hluav taws xob mus rau lub sijhawm tsis yog lub sijhawm siab tshaj plaws thaum muaj hluav taws xob ntau dua lossis qhov xav tau tsawg dua.
Qhov no feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev txhawb nqa tus nqi lossis lwm yam khoom plig nyiaj txiag. Kev teb rau qhov xav tau, ua ke nrog cov smart grids thiab cov tshuab khaws cia hluav taws xob, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev ywj pheej ntawm lub grid, txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog hloov pauv tau, thiab ua kom lub grid ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev thauj khoom ntau.
Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm OCPP hauv Kev Teb Rov Qab
Yuav kom cov kev pab cuam teb rau qhov kev thov kom ua tiav, kev sib txuas lus tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov chaw them hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj peev xwm hloov kho lossis ncua lawv txoj kev siv hluav taws xob raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub network. OCPP siv cov channel sib cuam tshuam uas tau tsim los ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob thiab cov software tswj hwm los pab txhawb kev sib txuas lus no.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm OCPP Kev Teb Rov Qab
· Kev siv nyiaj tsim nyog: Los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv sib txuas lus uas twb muaj lawm, OCPP txo cov nqi ntxiv uas cuam tshuam nrog kev koom ua ke cov chargers rau hauv cov kev pab cuam teb rau qhov xav tau.
· Kev ywj pheej ntxiv: Cov chargers ua raws li OCPP ua rau cov neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem koom nrog cov kev pib tswj hwm grid thiab xyuas kom meej tias kev muab hluav taws xob thiab kev thov hluav taws xob sib npaug.
· Cov khoom siv uas ruaj khov rau yav tom ntej: Ua ke nrog OCPP, cov tes hauj lwm them hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov kho rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog thiab txhawb nqa kev siv zog hloov kho tshiab ntawm lub grid.
Los ntawm kev koom ua ke cov peev xwm teb rau qhov xav tau los ntawm OCPP, cov neeg teb xov tooj tsis yog tsuas yog pab txhawb rau kev ruaj khov ntawm lub network xwb, tab sis kuj txhim kho tus nqi ntawm lawv cov tes hauj lwm them hluav taws xob hauv lub ecosystem zog ruaj khov.
3. Ua kom muaj kev siv EV ntau ntxiv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv thiab kev siv yooj yim dua
Kev them fais fab uas yooj yim thiab nkag siab yooj yim yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb kom ntau tus neeg siv cov tsheb fais fab (EVs). Kev nkag mus rau lub tshuab them fais fab nyuaj, kev mus los ntawm ntau lub network them fais fab, thiab cov txheej txheem them nyiaj tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg muaj EV tsis xav siv lossis ua rau cov neeg uas twb tau hloov mus siv EV mobility chim siab.
Daim ntawv pov thawj OCPP daws cov teeb meem no los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem txheem uas txhim kho kev sib xws thiab kev sib koom tes thoob plaws cov tes hauj lwm them nqi. Los ntawm kev ua kom ntseeg tau tiascov khoom them fais ua tau raws li cov qauv no, OCPP tuaj yeem txo qhov teeb meem nkag mus thiab txhawb kev paub txog tus neeg siv sib koom ua ke, ua rau kev them EV yooj yim dua.
Qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev paub siv tas mus li uas khaws cia los ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj OCPP suav nrog:
1. Cov tsav tsheb pib them nqi li cas
2. Cov tsav tsheb them nqi li cas
3. Nkag mus rau cov chargers los ntawm ntau lub network los ntawm ib qho app lossis profile them nyiaj
4. Kev them nqi raws li tus qauv thoob plaws ntau lub network them nqi sib txawv
Daim Duab Loj: Kev Txhawb Nqa Kev Siv EV
Los ntawm kev txo cov ntsiab lus sib txhuam hauv cov txheej txheem them, OCPP tsim ib lub ecosystem uas ua rau kev tsav tsheb yooj yim dua. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho qhov kev paub rau cov tswv EV uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis kuj ua rau cov neeg yuav khoom ntseeg siab tias kev muaj EV yog ob qho tib si siv tau thiab yooj yim. Ib qho chaw them nqi sib koom ua ke tsim kev ntseeg siab thiab txhawb kom dav dua EV siv, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom sai hloov mus rau kev thauj mus los ruaj khov.
Thaum kawg, cov chargers uas tau ntawv pov thawj los ntawm OCPP ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kom muaj lub network them fais fab uas sib koom ua ke thiab tsom mus rau cov neeg siv, ua kom cov neeg tsav tsheb muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab txhawb nqa thaum lawv siv cov thev naus laus zis EV.
OCPP ua haujlwm li cas?
Hauv seem dhau los, peb tau kawm tias Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) muab kev daws teeb meem rau txoj kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov chaw them nqi thiab txhua lub hauv paus, tsis hais tus muag khoom twg los xij.
OCPP yog qhov chaw sib txuas lus ntawmChaw them hluav taws xob EVthiab cov txheej txheem tswj kev them nqi EV. Ntu tom ntej no piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas OCPP pab ob pawg sib txawv no hauv lub ecosystem them nqi EV sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg, thiab nws muaj lwm yam haujlwm dab tsi ntxiv rau kev sib txuas lus.
1. Kev Sib Txuas Lus
OCPP tso cai rau cov chaw them hluav taws xob thiab cov txheej txheem tswj hwm sib pauv cov lus hais txog qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm qhov chaw them hluav taws xob.
Piv txwv li, cov lus tuaj yeem suav nrog:
· Seb lub charger puas muaj, siv lawm, lossis xav tau kev saib xyuas
Thaum cov txheej txheem them nqi pib lossis nres
· Lub ntsuas kev siv tam sim no lossis lub sijhawm nyob
· Cov ntaub ntawv kuaj mob ntawm chaw them nqi
2. Kev Saib Xyuas Chaw Deb
Cov neeg ua haujlwm them nqi tuaj yeem siv OCPP los saib xyuas lawv cov chaw them nqi deb.
3. Kev Tso Cai
Cov neeg ua haujlwm them nqi tuaj yeem siv OCPP los tso cai nkag mus rau cov chaw them nqi.
4. Hloov Kho Firmware
Lub kaw lus tswj hwm tuaj yeem xa daim ntawv thov hloov kho firmware mus rau qhov chaw them hluav taws xob, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem lees paub thiab ua qhov hloov tshiab.
5. Kev Them Nyiaj thiab Kev Sau Nqi
Cov neeg ua haujlwm them nqi tuaj yeem siv OCPP los koom ua ke ntau yam kev them nqi thiab kev them nqi.
6. Kev Them Nyiaj Ntse
OCPP txhawb nqa cov yam ntxwv them nqi ntse xws li kev sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav thiab kev siv cov ntaub ntawv them nqi.
7. Kev Pab Cuam Teb Rau Qhov Xav Tau
OCPP tso cai rau cov chargers sib txuas lus nrog lub grid lossis cov kev pab cuam hluav taws xob, uas pab tswj kev xav tau hluav taws xob.
Kev Taw Qhia rau cov qauv OCPP uas twb muaj lawm hauv khw
Xyoo 2010, Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 tau tso tawm, thiab OCPP 1.5 tau tso tawm xyoo 2013. Cov qauv thaum ntxov no tsis tau OCA tswj hwm lawm, yog li peb tau qhia cov qauv tom qab, uas yog OCPP 1.6 tau tso tawm xyoo 2015 thiab OCPP 2.0.1 tau tso tawm xyoo 2020. OCPP 2.1 thiab OCPP 2.0.1 yog cov uas sib xws nrog yav dhau los. OCPP 2.1 xav tias yuav tso tawm rau hauv peb lub hlis thawj zaug ntawm xyoo 2025.
Ob hom kev siv OCPP
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) yog ib qho protocol uas siv XML los sawv cev rau cov ntaub ntawv. SOAP yog ib lub framework uas tso cai rau cov lus xa mus rau ntawm cov khoom hauv Is Taws Nem. Qhov zoo ntawm SOAP yog tias tus qauv no npog cov haujlwm ntawm kev xa thiab txais cov lus. Qhov no ua rau kev siv tau sai.
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation yog ib hom ntawv sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv uas yooj yim rau tib neeg nyeem thiab sau, thiab yooj yim rau cov tshuab txheeb xyuas thiab tsim. Nws yooj yim dua rau kev nyeem thiab sau dua li XML. Nws yog raws li ib pawg ntawm JavaScript.
OCPP1.6
OCPP 1.6 tsim los ntawm OCPP 1.5, suav nrog ntau xyoo ntawm kev paub dhau los thiab kev siv tau zoo thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Txij li thaum nws tso tawm xyoo 2012, OCPP 1.5 tau raug siv dav los ntawm cov neeg muab khoom thiab cov chaw pabcuam thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Ntawm lub hauv paus no,OCPP 1.6 qhia txog ntau yam kev txhim kho loj, suav nrog kev them nyiaj ntse thiab kev txhawb nqa rau JSON thiab SOAP dhau WebSocket.
Cov version no kuj muaj ntau yam kev txhim kho, xws li cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej dua thiab cov kev hloov tshiab kom txhim kho kev sib koom tes ntawm cov khoom lag luam sib txawv. Cov yam ntxwv tshiab tseem ceeb suav nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm kev kuaj mob (xws li cov lej laj thawj), qhov xwm txheej ntxiv ntawm qhov chaw them nyiaj, thiab TriggerMessage, txhua yam no tau tsim los kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam.
OCPP 1.6 tseem khaws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov version dhau los thiab qhia txog ntau qhov hloov tshiab thiab kho rau cov teeb meem tsis meej uas ua rau nws tsis sib haum nrog OCPP 1.5. Cov kev txhim kho no yog los muab cov kev pabcuam zoo dua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm chaw them nqi (CPOs) thiab kev paub zoo dua rau cov neeg tsav tsheb fais fab thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm OCPP 1.6 suav nrog:
· OCPP 1.5
· Cov qauv SOAP thiab JSON
· Kev them nyiaj ntse txhawb nqa kev sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav thiab kev siv cov qauv them nyiaj
· Kev txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm daim ntawv teev npe (Hauv zos)
· Cov xwm txheej ntxiv: Ntxiv cov xwm txheej ntxiv rau qhov kev suav ntawm qhov chaw them nqi kom muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau CPOs thiab cov neeg siv kawg txog qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm qhov chaw them nqi.
· Cov lus thov xa xov, xws li lub sijhawm CP lossis CP xwm txheej
· Kev txhim kho me me ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb (piv rau OCPP 1.5)
OCPP 2.0.1
Piv rau OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 coj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua thiab cov peev xwm tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev txhim kho no kuj ua rau OCPP 2.0.1 tsis sib haum nrog cov qauv ua ntej (piv txwv li OCPP 1.6 thiab OCPP 1.5).
Cov Nta Tshiab OCPP 2.0.1 vs. OCPP 1.6
1. Qhov Device Management (tseem hu ua Device Model) yog siv los nrhiav thiab teeb tsa cov kev teeb tsa thiab saib xyuas cov chaw them hluav taws xob.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv (tseem hu ua Tus Qauv Khoom Siv) yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tau tos ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txais tos los ntawm CSOs uas tswj hwm (nyuaj) cov tes hauj lwm ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob (los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom sib txawv).
Nws muab cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
• Kev tshaj tawm txog cov khoom muag
• Kev qhia txog qhov yuam kev thiab qhov xwm txheej zoo dua
• Kev teeb tsa zoo dua
• Kev saib xyuas uas hloov kho tau
Tag nrho cov no pab CSOs txo cov nqi ntawm kev khiav lag luam ntawm lub network chaw them hluav taws xob.
Cov chaw tsim khoom them nqimuaj kev ywj pheej los txiav txim siab seb yuav tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxaws txog lawv cov chaw them hluav taws xob ntau npaum li cas
Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv: piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb yam twg tuaj yeem saib xyuas thiab yam twg tsis tuaj yeem saib xyuas.
2. Kev txhim kho kom zoo dua rau kev tswj hwm cov kev lag luam loj
• Ib tsab xov xwm hais txog txhua yam haujlwm ntsig txog kev lag luam
• Kev txo cov ntaub ntawv
OCPP 1.6 tau qhia txog kev thauj mus los JSON raws li Websockets, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev thauj mus los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txawb. OCPP 2.0 tau qhia txog kev txhawb nqa WebSocket compression, ua rau txo qis cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.
3. Kev txhim kho hauv kev ruaj ntseg hauv internet
Cov kev txhim kho hauv qab no tau ntxiv los txhawb kom OCPP muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev tawm tsam hauv cyber:
• Cov ntaub ntawv ruaj ntseg (3 theem) rau qhov chaw them nqi thiab/lossis CSMS kev lees paub thiab kev ruaj ntseg kev sib txuas lus
• Kev tswj hwm tus yuam sij rau daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov neeg siv khoom
• Kev hloov kho firmware kom ruaj ntseg
• Cov ntaub ntawv teev cov xwm txheej kev ruaj ntseg
4. Kev them nqi ntse txuas ntxiv
Hauv OCPP 2.0.1, lub luag haujlwm them fais ntse tau nthuav dav (piv rau OCPP 1.6) los txhawb nqa:
• Txuas cov ntaub ntawv them fais ntse ncaj qha los ntawm lub tshuab tswj hluav taws xob (EMS) mus rau qhov chaw them fais
• Txhim kho kev them nyiaj ntse nrog cov tswj hauv zos
• Kev txhawb nqa rau kev them nyiaj ntse ntawm CSMS,chaw them nqithiab cov tsheb fais fab.
5. Txhawb nqa ISO 15118
Piv rau IEC 61851, tus qauv ISO 15118 yog ib qho txheej txheem tshiab dua rau kev sib txuas lus EVSE rau EV. ISO 15118 tso cai rau ntau yam ntxwv tshiab thiab kev sib txuas lus muaj kev nyab xeeb dua ntawm EVSE thiab EV. OCPP 2.0.1 txhawb nqa tus qauv ISO 15118, thiab cov yam ntxwv tshiab suav nrog:
• Ntsaws thiab Them
• Kev them fais ntse, suav nrog kev nkag los ntawm lub tsheb fais fab
6. Txhim kho kev paub ntawm cov neeg siv khoom
• Ntau txoj kev xaiv kev tso cai ntxiv
• Tso saib cov lus
• Cov lus uas tus tsav tsheb EV nyiam
• Cov nqi thiab cov nqi
7. Cov txheej txheem thauj mus los: kev txhim kho OCPP-J
• Kev xa xov yooj yim
• Tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa rau SOAP
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-21-2025